- Hydrometer is used to measure the density of liquid.
- The hydrometer works on the principle that a floating object displaces a volume of liquid whose weight is equal to the buoyant force.
- Hydrometer will sink deeper in the less dense liquid but float higher in the denser liquid.
Design of a hydrometer
| Characteristic | Explanation |
| Lead shots are added to the base | · To lower the centre of gravity of the hydrometer · So that, hydrometer can float upright in a liquid. |
| Thinner and longer glass tube is used | · Will give a larger scale distance and can detect small changes in the densities. |
| Big bulb at the base is used. | · So that more liquid can be displaced |
| For calibration, hydrometer is allowed to float in lower density and higher density liquid | · Liquid level in lower density and higher density is marked. The space between the two marks is divided into a number of equal divisions that give density readings. |
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