Physics Form 5: Chapter 1 - Pitch of the Sound

Generally, there are three characteristics of sound:

• frequency affects pitch of the sound
• amplitude affects loudness of the sound
• wave form affects quality of the sound

1. Frequency - Pitch

The frequency of a wave is measured as the number of complete vibrations of particles of a medium per unit time. A commonly used unit for frequency is Hertz.

Pitch is an auditory sensation in which listener assigns musical tones to relative positions on a musical scale based on the frequency of sound. A high pitch sound corresponds to a high frequency sound wave and low pitch sound corresponds to a low frequency sound wave.

Changing Pitch:

Click on the diagram below to play!

A string vibrates with a particular fundamental frequency. It is possible, however, to produce pitches with different frequencies from the same string. The four properties of the string that affect its frequency are length, diameter, tension, and density. These properties are described below:

1. When the length of a string is changed, it will vibrate with a different frequency. Shorter strings have higher frequency and therefore higher pitch. 
2. Diameter is the thickness of the string. Thick strings with large diameters vibrate slower and have lower frequencies than thin ones. 
3. Tightening the string gives it a higher frequency while loosening it lowers the frequency. 
4. The density of a string will also affect its frequency. Remember that dense molecules vibrate at slower speeds. The more dense the string is, the slower it will vibrate, and the lower its frequency will be. Instruments often have strings made of different materials. The strings used for low pitches will be made of a more dense material than the strings used for high pitches.

Name	Frequency Range (Hz)	Characteristics
Infrasonic	0 - 20	Very low frequencies of sound that the human ear can’t detect, but you mayfeel the rumbling of the waves through your body.
Sonic (AKA Audio)	20 - 20 000	Normal range for human ears, although not everyone (especially the elderly) will hear to the extremes of this range.
Ultrasonic	20 000 +	Beyond normal hearing for humans, although some animals (like dogs) hear part ways into this range. Also used in medicine (e.g. ultrasounds for pregnant women).

Can you sing this high-pitched song?

Rest In Peace Whitney Houston

This page is dedicated to you on my lesson about the pitch of the sound. God really loves you and gives you the gift of high-pitched sound. Thanks for your song!